Permanent Exhibition

What does the overall pattern of motion created by pendulums of different lengths remind you of? You can observe the patterns formed by the system of pendulums and see how they change over time if you set all the pendulums in motion at the same time.

"If all the pendulums had the same string length, would you notice the same pattern of motion?"

Is there a way to lift heavy weights more easily? The answer was provided in ancient times with the invention of the lever.

Three levers of different lengths are used to lift a load weighing 50 kilograms. Which lever makes it easier to lift the 50 kilograms? How much force is required in each case?

Observe the motion of the ball on the inclined plane. Set the stopwatches so that they show equal time intervals. What do you notice about the distances between them?

What will happen if you use a ball with a different mass? Which ball will travel the distance faster?

What shape should the path of a ball in a gravitational field take so that it takes the shortest possible time?

Change the shape of the path and measure the time it takes for the ball to travel from the highest point to the lowest point each time.

Try curves such as the line, the parabola, and the cycloid. What is the shortest route?

How does the ball's acceleration change?

What determines the time it takes for an object released to fall freely from a certain height to reach the ground? Does a heavier object fall faster?

Observe how a wooden ball and a feather fall inside a tube filled with air. Repeat the experiment by removing the air to create a vacuum. What happens in both cases? How does air affect the fall of an object?

What is angular momentum, and how does it affect the rotational motion of a system of bodies? Using the gyroscopic bike, observe how the rotational motion of the bike’s wheel affects the motion of the platform due to the principle of conservation of angular momentum.

How can the electricity needed to power various electrical devices be generated? By turning the disc with the lever, you set the dynamo in motion. Can you power more than one device at a time? What role does the speed at which you spin the disc play in energy production? How does rotational resistance relate to the energy you produce?

What shape does a magnetic field have? Notice how, in the space around a bar magnet, iron filings align along the field lines, forming a map of the magnetic field.

How do magnetic needles behave in a magnetic field?

As you brought different magnets close to the magnetic compasses, observe how their orientation changes. Their new orientation depends on the shape of the magnetic field created by each magnet.

How does an electric motor work? Three coils are arranged in a circle around a permanent bar magnet, which is capable of rotating. The magnetic field created when an electric current flows through one of the three coils causes the magnet to align itself with it. By supplying electrical current to the three different coils in sequence and at the proper rate, you can make the magnet rotate without interrupting its motion.

What happens when a coil moves through a magnetic field? Move the different coils to the right and left inside the magnet and observe the different readings on the ammeter. What role do the orientation and the number of turns of each coil play?

Five rods made of different materials are surrounded by five magnets that are all identical. Pick up the magnets and let them fall freely. What do you notice? Do all the magnets fall at the same speed?

Rods made of materials other than iron are not magnetic. Nevertheless, each of the four metal rods generates an induced magnetic force that counteracts the weight of each magnet, affecting its rate of descent.

How can we create lightning bolts inside a glass cylinder, and how close can we get to them?

Bring your hand closer and touch the cylinder. What's going on?

Applying a very high voltage to the noble gas inside the glass cylinder causes electrical discharges (sparks) to occur. Touch the cylinder and notice how the electrical discharges are drawn toward your hand. What would happen if, while touching the glass, you touched someone standing next to you?

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of electromagnetic waves (radiation) from gamma rays to radio waves. Of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, the human eye can detect only a very small portion: visible light. How would we see various objects if the human eye could detect other forms of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum, and how different would our perception of the world be?

Do chemical elements have “fingerprints”? Observe through the spectroscope the radiation emitted by each of the five different gases when heated. What differences do you notice in the glowing lines of the different gases?

Colored and polarizing filters, diffraction gratings, converging and diverging lenses, and prisms are some of the tools you can use to study light. Discover the phenomena of refraction, polarization, reflection, and the decomposition and synthesis of white light.

Can you decompose and recombine white light using the appropriate instruments?

What are optical filters? How do they work, and what are they used for? Use different filters to allow or block different types of electromagnetic radiation from reaching the detector. Do prescription glasses and sunglasses have filters? Put on your glasses and find out what types of radiation they protect your eyes from.

How do we see the objects in the world around us? How do lenses work? What happens to light when it passes through different types of lenses? Can we “make” an object disappear from our field of view by using the right lenses?

How does information travel through optical fibers and copper cables? Send the information that makes up a video through a 1,000-meter-long optical fiber and through a 1,000-meter-long copper cable. Compare the two methods of encoding and transmitting information. What differences do you notice in the quality of the sound and picture? Why is that? Which cable would you choose to transmit information over long distances?

What is sound, and how does it travel through the air?

Can the sound produced by a drum move objects? Hit the drum to find out.

Ring the bell located inside the airtight dome and turn on the fan. What do you notice? Remove the air from the dome and try again. Has anything changed? Can sound travel through a vacuum? Can a fan blade move if there is no air? Can we hear sounds in space?

A metal plate, with sand scattered on it, is securely mounted on a speaker.

Turn on the sound generator for different frequencies, selecting different frequencies each time, to create different standing waves on the surface of the plate. Are patterns formed at all frequencies? Why does the sand accumulate in specific areas? Why do the formations we observe change at different frequencies? How do the patterns change as the frequency increases?

Can we "see" sound waves?

Change the frequency and intensity of the sound and observe the shape of the sound wave as it travels through the liquid.

At what frequencies do standing waves form?

A piston oscillating in water creates waves of a constant frequency. These waves are concentric circles that spread radially outward from their center as they travel through the water. What happens to the ripples on the water when the piston moves?

How do the seasons change throughout the year? What has Earth’s seismic activity been like over the past 100 years? What is the topography of Mars and the Moon like? By selecting the appropriate scenario, you can learn about various phenomena and natural systems in our universe.

How was the Universe created, and how has it evolved? What is the Big Bang? How old is the Universe? Explore the different eras of cosmic evolution and learn about the natural processes that led the Universe to its current state.

Can an entire island meet its energy needs for an entire year using only renewable energy sources?

On the 3D model of Rhodes, place the appropriate renewable energy power plants (thermal, wind, solar, hydroelectric, biomass, and wave energy) at various locations to achieve the appropriate combinations of power supply for the island, depending on the selected scenario. Do weather conditions affect the output of renewable energy sources? Can you find a combination that will meet the island’s energy needs in all three scenarios?

How can we convert wave motion into electrical energy? Use the piston to turn on the light bulb by harnessing the energy of the waves.

What is the appropriate wave generation rate so that the light stays on continuously?

How is wind energy converted into electricity? How does the angle of the wind turbine blades affect its energy efficiency? Use the lever to adjust the angle of the blades relative to the wind direction and control energy production.

What is matter made of? What are the building blocks of all the materials we know? Discover the 118 chemical elements and how they are arranged in the periodic table. Analyze the structure of the periodic table and explore its usefulness, noting how the position of each element in the periodic table helps reveal valuable information about that element.

Try to create familiar chemical compounds such as water (H₂O), salt (NaCl), or carbon dioxide (CO₂) by combining different chemical elements in the “reaction chamber.”

What is the building block of life? What molecules regulate an organism’s functions, and how are they connected to one another? We can use different atoms to build basic biomolecules, observe their structure, and relate it to their function. The same atoms participate in the formation of different molecules by forming different bonds. With the help of microscopes, we observe cells from different tissues—whether human (normal or infected), plant, or microbial. We observe the shape and color of the cells, as well as their arrangement, which allows them to form complex structures. 

The cell is the smallest form of life and the basic unit of organization of living organisms. Can you place the cell organelles in their correct positions? Learn not only the shape and location, but also the function of each organelle. Thanks to these structures, the cell is able to perform its functions and grow, maintaining balance within its internal environment.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the code of life.

Look at the illustration of the DNA double helix, and construct a DNA molecule using a four-letter code (A, T, G, C), which are represented by four differently colored building blocks. How are the bricks connected to each other? Are all combinations allowed?

How would all of our genetic information be represented if we “organized” it into volumes of books? Each of the 23 chromosomes is represented as a set of books with a specific number of volumes. “Read” the sequence of the Y chromosome, the smallest sex chromosome.

"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution," said Theodosius Dobzhansky. But what is evolution?

He studied the evolution of life, from its simplest to its most complex forms. Take a look at the characteristics that have prevailed in large groups of organizations over time. How different are the ancestral forms of various species from their more recent counterparts? Identify characteristics of life that are common to many groups of organisms, as well as some unique characteristics found only in specific organisms.

What does a lymph node look like? What shape are liver cells? Use the microscope to observe in detail structures that are invisible to the naked eye. Observe the shape, color, and arrangement of cells in plant and animal tissues. Notice how form relates to function, and also how the morphology of cells changes when the tissue is infected.

How do plants synthesize their food? Through the process of photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide, water, and light from their environment and produce glucose, while releasing oxygen. Can you see small bubbles on the plant’s leaves? What are they made of? Do plants breathe? Is photosynthesis related to respiration?

"The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of its two other sides." But what does the ancient Greek mathematician’s theorem actually mean? Rotate the panel and see how the water fills the square of the hypotenuse or the squares of the two perpendicular sides!

The number π is a "mathematical constant," and one of its key characteristics is that it has an infinite number of decimal places; in other words, it is irrational. Place the discs on the toothed scale and measure their circumference. Divide the circumference of each circle by its diameter. What do you notice about each different cycle?

What are sinusoidal functions, and how do they relate to oscillations? Move the rod from its equilibrium position, set the belt in motion, and observe the light trail the rod leaves behind on the belt. What do you notice? How is the light pattern affected by the belt's speed? What will happen if you submerge the base of the rod in oil?

Rotate the large, conical glass container and observe the patterns that form on the free surface of the water inside the container. Do you recognize all the shapes?

Turn the board to set the metal balls in motion; they strike the pins and, as they move through the gaps between the pins, end up in the slots at the base of the board. Every time a marble hits a nail, it moves with equal probability to the right or to the left and falls onto the next row of nails. What shape does the model formed by the marbles take? What will happen if you repeat the same process many times? Is the format of the final allocation changing?

Euclidean geometry studies Euclidean spaces, that is, spaces in which Euclid's axioms hold. Are there non-Euclidean geometries—that is, geometries based on different axioms? What is the sum of the angles in a triangle? What is the shortest distance between two points? Is it possible for two parallel lines to intersect? Draw triangles and circles on a flat, spherical, and hyperbolic surface to explore non-Euclidean geometries such as spherical and hyperbolic geometry. Learn about the concept of curvature and observe how two parallel lines can intersect.

What do a mug and a doughnut have in common? According to topology, they are equivalent objects! Topology is a branch of mathematics that studies and “classifies” objects based on certain properties that remain unchanged when the objects are deformed, but without changing the number of holes they have! He studied various topological objects and explored the strange properties of a Möbius strip and a Klein bottle. Can an object be doubled in size when we cut it in half? Is it possible for the inner and outer surfaces of a container to be identical?

How does a material body move when it is in a gravitational field? What is gravity? According to Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity  gravity is not a force acting at a distance between material bodies, but a geometric property of space. A gravitational field is the curvature of space around an object of great mass. A gravitational well simulates this distortion. Throw the bullets into the well. Give each ball a different direction and speed to study circular and elliptical trajectories. What happens as the ball approaches the center of the well? What happens to the balls' trajectories if you rotate the entire well around its center?

Can you form the Fibonacci spiral? Can you solve the Anoï puzzle in as few moves as possible? In math games, you have to put your mind to work to find the solution. Form tangram shapes, correctly complete the pentomino, and solve other well-known math puzzles.

What route would a traveling salesman take to visit various cities in order to sell his products? Try to guide the traveling salesman so that he visits all the marked areas on the map and returns to the city from which he started.

Can you find the route with the lowest possible cost?

In mathematics, graphs are networks consisting of points, which are called nodes, and lines that connect two nodes and are called edges. Select the letters on the screen according to the given constraints and solve the problem that the extraordinary Will Hunting solved in the movie of the same name. Can you tell when two graphs are actually different from each other, or when they simply represent the exact same diagram in a different way?

How do you imagine the first computer looked? Did you imagine that it took up more space than a small room measuring 35.5 m²? Observe and discover how computers have evolved over the years through actual computer models. What was the first desktop computer (Commodore PET) like, and what was the first laptop (Toshiba T1100) like? Learn about the specifications and features of each of these models and see how they’ve changed over the years.

A computer's hardware consists of the physical components that make up the computer (e.g., central processing unit, motherboard, RAM, storage device, graphics card). Can you identify all the basic components that make up a computer? Build your own virtual computer using the necessary components. With the right choices, you can build a computer that delivers the best possible performance.

What are logic gates? Where are they used? By building logic gate circuits at various difficulty levels on the screen, you can see how electric current flows through them each time. Try out the real logic gate function. How complex can a logic circuit become? How difficult of operations can it solve, and how fast?

What is an algorithm? How can we create a program? Try virtually guiding a robot through the different tracks available. Program it so that, based on the different commands you give it, it reaches the finish line on each track. The difficulty of the levels increases each time. What's the highest difficulty level you can reach?

How can information be transmitted securely so that only the intended recipient can understand it? Identify two different methods of encrypting information: Caesar cipher and cryptography using private and public keys. Use Caesar's cipher to try to encrypt a short text or your name! Could someone else who reads this message understand it?

Play a game of chess against a friend or against the computer. Start the game from the beginning or continue famous games from a certain point onward, making your own decisions. If your opponent is the computer, move the computer's pieces for it to the squares it indicates.

On the screen next to the chessboard, you can see your chances of winning the game, based on the moves you've made. Can you beat the computer?

Stand in front of the robot and try to interact with it using your movements and facial expressions. Does he look happy when you smile at him? Tilt your head a little. What does the robot do? Move left and right. Is it following you? Is it looking at you? You can choose different faces for the robot from the screen or have it mimic your own expressions.

How do different sensors respond to different objects?

Place the different cubes in front of each sensor. Which cubes does each sensor “detect”? What role do the color and material of each cube play?

Can the “Cozmo” robot find its way out of a maze? Choose one of the robot’s three different modes: Help them find the exit by giving them simple instructions, let them use a specific algorithm, or observe how they map out the maze in order to find a way out.

Watch how the Sawyer robotic arm can perform a specific task. In this case, the robot has been “trained” through a simple process to solve a puzzle: the famous Tower of Hanoi.